Exposure to hydrochloric acid (HCl) can cause severe acute and chronic, potentially lethal, pulmonary injury.
Because of its frequent and multiple uses, the incidence of exposure to HCl has been increasing. Even though
there is considerable amount of data on the acute effects of HCl, much less is known about the more severe,
potentially lethal chronic sequels of exposure to HCl and no antidotes exist to the most dangerous, irreversible
and potentially lethal of these effects, namely pulmonary fibrosis. Following initial, reversible inflammation,
activation of pro-fibrotic pathways (e.g., ERK1/2., AKT) lead to fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix
deposition and pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, it was reported that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is also
upregulated in pulmonary fibrosis. We therefore hypothesized that HSP90 inhibitors may prove useful as
countermeasures against HCl-induced chronic lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. Our preliminary studies
demonstrate that a single intra-tracheal instillation of HCl causes time-dependent collagen deposition, ERK1/2
phosphorylation, HSP90 upregulation and consequent airway dysfunction. More importantly, post-treatment
(beginning 24 hours after HCl administration) with the HSP90 inhibitor, AUY-922 effectively blocks the
development of both pulmonary fibrosis and chronic lung dysfunction. In this R21 application, we propose to
expand on our initial findings through the following two specific aims: Specific Aim 1: Will establish the mouse
model of HCl-induced chronic lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis, with specific quantifiable and reproducible
biomarkers, demonstrate dose-response relationships and identify key pathologic signaling pathways. Specific
Aim 2: Will investigate the effectiveness of the HSP90 inhibitor, AUY-922, in blocking HCl-induced pulmonary
fibrosis, lung dysfunction and the upregulation of key pro-fibrotic pathways, in mice. Results from these studies
will provide proof of concept for the further development of HSP90 inhibitors as antidotes against HCl-induced
lung fibrosis and chronic lung dysfunction.