PROJECT SUMMARY
In Uganda, HIV prevalence is estimated to be 6.2% among those aged 15-64, and is higher (6.9%) in Kampala,
the proposed study setting. Political and cultural barriers, including limited government funding and HIV stigma,
impede HIV prevention and have led to projections of rapid increases in HIV incidence. The proposed research
will be a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Game Changers, a 6-session peer-led group intervention that aims
to empower and mobilize people living with HIV (PLWH) to be agents for HIV prevention in their social networks.
By decreasing stigma among PLWH and their social network members, and training PLWH on strategies to
engage social network members in discussions around HIV, Game Changers provides PLWH with the tools to
do prevention advocacy. Game Changers was developed through an NIMH R34 that found high feasibility and
acceptability, and preliminary intervention effects on increased HIV prevention advocacy between PLWH and
their social network members, reduced internalized stigma, and increased HIV-serostatus disclosure to social
network members among PLWH, and medium to large effects on increased condom use and HIV testing among
a subsample of network members. The Specific Aims are: (1) To conduct an RCT of Game Changers, a peer-
led group intervention for PLWH in Uganda, to test intervention effects on the primary outcomes of reduced
condomless sex, increased HIV testing, and decreased enacted HIV stigma among social network members; (2)
To test intervention effects on the secondary outcomes of reduced internalized HIV stigma, increased HIV
serostatus disclosure, and increased viral load suppression among PLWH, and PrEP uptake among social
network members; (3) To examine whether increased HIV prevention advocacy by PLWH mediates intervention
effects on social network members’ increased condom use and HIV testing, and whether increased HIV
disclosure by PLWH mediates intervention effects on social network members’ reduced enacted HIV stigma;
and (4) To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of the intervention. We will recruit 210 PLWH, randomizing 105
to the intervention and 105 to an attention control. Each PLWH will be asked to recruit social network members
to complete assessments (736 total, 368/arm), to test intervention effects on social networks. All participants will
complete surveys at baseline and 6-, 12-, and 18-months post-baseline; PLWH will also complete social network
assessments. The cost-effectiveness analysis will inform policymakers about whether Game Changers is a
feasible intervention in which to invest. Our approach is particularly timely in the era of biomedical interventions,
which require widespread penetration of effective HIV prevention messaging into communities. Positioning
PLWH as central to the solution for controlling (vs. causing) the HIV epidemic has the potential to reduce HIV
stigma and improve prevention outcomes at the individual, household, and network levels.
