PROJECT SUMMARY
Solo male migration is a strategy adopted by many families to diversify risks and to improve household
economic conditions. Millions of women in developing countries are geographically separated from their
husbands due to the massive flow of internal and international labor migration. Migration is viewed positively in
general given the economic benefits brought by remittances, which can improve the nutrition and access to
healthcare for family members staying in the origin communities. However, the psychosocial implications of
male absence for the left-behind wives have not been fully understood. It is unclear whether the economic
benefits from remittances could compensate for the possible detrimental health effects of the increased
workload, emotional strain, and the lack of social support subsequent to the husbands’ migration. Only a
handful of studies have examined the health effect of male absence due to migration on left-behind wives and
they reported mixed findings. Even less is known about the mechanisms through which male outmigration
influences the health of left-behind wives or how the health impact of male migration on left-behind wives vary
by various migratory patterns and by the amount of social support received by the wives.
This proposed project will examine the impact of male outmigration on the health of left-behind wives,
using two waves of longitudinal data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) collected in 2004-5
and 2011-12. Previous research on this topic has been hampered by the inability to fully address migration
selectivity and the lack of data on the characteristics of migration. Relying on the rich dataset from the IHDS,
we will be able to carry out several innovative analyses in this study. First, we will examine the effect of
husbands’ migration status and migration characteristics on the health of left-behind wives in India, while
accounting for migration selectivity with regard to pre-migration individual and family characteristics. We
explicitly takes into account the selection process of outmigration using propensity score analysis.
Furthermore, we will sort out the role of multiple aspects of migration characteristics, including the amount of
remittances, migration duration, and the frequency of home visit. Second, we will test the potentially offsetting
mechanisms through which men’s migration influences the health of left-behind wives, which include women’s
access to economic resources, physical autonomy, decision-making power, work hours, and household
responsibilities. Third, we will examine how the health effects of male migration on left-behind wives are
conditioned on the amount of social support received by women from the family and the community. We expect
to find that social support from the male-side extended family, women’s natal family, and social groups can
attenuate the potential detrimental effect of male absence on the health of left-behind wives.